"

Cookies ussage consent

I agree.

Our site saves small pieces of text information (cookies) on your device in order to deliver better content and for statistical purposes. You can disable the usage of cookies by changing the settings of your browser. By browsing our site without changing the browser settings you grant us permission to store that information on your device.

Enhanced four-wave mixing in Nb2CTx-ZnO deposited on tapered fibers for 1-μm wavelength applications

H. AHMAD1,2,3, I. A. ZUZAMRI1, M. A. M. LUTFI1, M. K. A. ZAINI1,* , K. THAMBIRATNAM4, Z. MAHMOODIN3

Affiliation

  1. Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  2. Adjunct Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
  3. Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Batu 8, Jalan Sungai Pusu, 53100, Selangor, Malaysia
  4. Physics Department, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Abstract

This study examines four-wave mixing (FWM) enhancement in tapered optical fibers operating at 1-μm wavelength, achieved by depositing an Nb2CTx-ZnO composite onto the fiber surface. Tapers with waist diameters of 30 μm, 40 μm, and 50 μm were fabricated using the flame-brush technique. The composite coating significantly boosted the nonlinear response, with the 30 μm taper showing the greatest improvement, a 22.5% increase in FWM conversion efficiency. The generated idler wave remained stable throughout a 60-minute test. These results advance the development of efficient, compact nonlinear photonic devices for applications in the 1 μm spectral band.

Keywords

Four-wave mixing, 1 μm wavelength, Nb2CTx-ZnO, Tapered fiber.

Citation

H. AHMAD, I. A. ZUZAMRI, M. A. M. LUTFI, M. K. A. ZAINI, K. THAMBIRATNAM, Z. MAHMOODIN, Enhanced four-wave mixing in Nb2CTx-ZnO deposited on tapered fibers for 1-μm wavelength applications, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 20, 7-8, July-August 2026, pp.287-292 (2026).

Submitted at: Feb. 9, 2026

Accepted at: Aug. 3, 2026