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NEHA1, CHAKRESH KUMAR1,* , GHANENDRA KUMAR2
Black phosphorus (BP) is considered the most promising material for fabricating effective infrared (IR) photodetectors with a broadband photodetection mechanism. It performs exceptional opto-electronic properties. The speed and stability of BP-based photodetector is still a challenge in optical networks. To enhance this property, graphene (G) is mixed with BP to form graphene-black phosphorus (G-BP) heterostructure-based photodetectors. The performance of photodetector is numerically investigated through COMSOL Multiphysics for variable thickness and doping concentration of BP layer. Maximum absorption coefficient of 0.6 is achieved at 60 nm of thickness of BP layer over 900 nm wavelength. The responsivity is less over longer wavelengths. But for optical networks, 1550 nm is considered the telecom operating wavelength. To enhance the efficiency of photodetector over a broad spectrum, thickness and doping concentration of BP layer are modified according to the application. In the proposed work, a successful downlink transmission of 10 Gbps data over a 50 km length of fiber using 1550 nm wavelength in 32-channel high-speed passive optical network (PON) is done with G-BP heterostructure-based photodetector at receiving terminal. The performance of system is investigated for variable thickness and doping level of BP layer, and it is measured in terms of quality factor (Q-factor), bit error rate (BER), jitter, and eye closure obtained from eye diagrams. Simulated results reveal that, at higher thickness (60 nm) of BP layer and moderate doping (⁓1012) concentration of BP layer, maximum Q-factor of 25.3 dB and minimum BER of 1 x 10-40 are obtained.
Graphene, Black phosphorus, Heterostructure, Q-factor, Responsivity, Absorption coefficient.
NEHA, CHAKRESH KUMAR, GHANENDRA KUMAR, Graphene-Black Phosphorus (G-BP) heterostructure on a silicon platform with enhanced absorption and responsivity over telecom operating wavelength, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 20, 5-6, May-June 2026, pp.236-248 (2026).
Submitted at: Dec. 29, 2025
Accepted at: June 2, 2026
Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications
(2024): Impact Factor = 0.4 - Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2025)
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