Abstract
        Dye-sensitized solar cells are promising alternative photovoltaics because of environmentally friendly features. 
Nanocrystalline TiO2, used as electron-transporting layer in DSSCs, plays an important role in exciton separation and charge 
injection process. However, its relatively low electron diffusion coefficient hampered further optimization using pure TiO2 film 
as photoanode electrode. Accordingly, a narrow bandgap WO3 electron transport layer along with a negative conduction 
band edge was introduced on the bottom of the traditional TiO2 film to promote electron injection process. DSSCs with 540 
nm WO3 and TiO2 multi-layer exhibits the best short-circuit current density of 13.04 mA/cm2 and photoelectric conversion 
efficiency of 5.39%, 40% higher compared to the traditional configured devices.
        Keywords
        Amorphous tungsten oxide, Electron transporting layer, Photoanode, DSSCs.
        Citation
        LI WENQIN, LIU HUI, FAN WENPU, YUAN FENG, WU ZIHUA, WO3/TiO2 composite multi-layer photoanode based dye  sensitized solar cells: promoting electron injection process, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 15, 5-6, May-June 2021, pp.271-277 (2021).
        Submitted at: Dec. 3, 2020
 
        Accepted at: June 11, 2021